Go-JuST

Go-Just

Methodology

FPTest05

Methodology

Within the framework of the research, two stages were implemented: the mapping of injustices and the co-creation of future pathways.

During the stage of mapping injustices, the research team conducted extensive interviews with more than 50 producers and 13 focus groups with producers, representatives of Local Land Reclamation Organizations (TOEV), members of cooperatives, and agronomists. In total, over 100 farmers and primary-sector stakeholders contributed their experiences at this stage of the study.

All interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded with the written consent of participants, in line with the ethical principles and guidelines of the University of Athens. They were subsequently transcribed by the research team and analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006), with the aim of identifying the challenges faced by farmers and the situations they perceived as unjust. Particular emphasis was placed on dominant narratives and interpretations of sustainability-related policies, focusing on how participants approach the concept of injustice (inequality) and define sustainable agriculture. Coding and theme development emerged inductively through iterative analysis and cross-checking among the members of the research team.   

The findings of the mapping stage are presented here .  

 The second stageThe second stage of the research project concerned the co-creation of future pathways. For this purpose, five workshops were organized: one in Karditsa, one in Trikala, one in Volos, and two in Larissa.

For each thematic workshop, the research team applied a structured scenario design methodology based on the framework of van Notten et al. (2003), with the aim of developing four realistic future scenarios tailored to the agricultural and environmental conditions of each region. Scenario design combined literature-based evidence and expert opinions, ensuring that the scenarios were both scientifically grounded and locally applicable. Prior to the workshops, iterative consultations were held with advisory stakeholders to collect feedback and improve the initial scenarios (Hatzilacou et al., 2007).

Specific qualitative criteria were applied to ensure the methodological validity and usefulness of the scenarios for strategic decision-making and policy formulation. The main criteria were plausibility, internal consistency, comprehensibility and traceability, distinctness, and transparency (de Ruijter, 2008). The evaluation of these criteria was carried out by the research team together with representatives of stakeholder organizations.

In total, four distinct scenario sets were developed, each comprising four different scenarios: 

  • set on water management across Thessaly, with the participation of TOEV representatives.  
  • A set on agricultural production in Eastern Thessaly. 
  • A set on agricultural production in Western Thessaly. 
  • A set on the resilience of mountain farming communities in Pelion and Southwestern Magnesia. 

Although each scenario set was adapted to the needs of the respective co-creation workshop, the implementation process followed a common structure:  

  1. The participants were divided into smaller focus groups of 8–10 people each.  
  2. The process involves presenting a set of four scenarios and selecting the most desirable one from that set of four scenarios and the most desirable one at the individual level. Individual choices were recorded and then aggregated at the group level to produce a collective selection per focus group.  Individual choices were recorded and then aggregated at a group level, with the aim of collectively selecting one scenario per focus group. 
  3. The participants completed a questionnaire aimed at evaluating and ranking specific thematic elements of the scenarios.
  4. Collective co-creation of a scenario through group discussion, with the aim of formulating a shared preference for each group.  

Collective scenario creation was chosen over individual design because it fostered dialogic exploration, interaction among participants, and the emergence of dynamics between different actors and perspectives (Krueger & Casey, 2014; Innes & Booher, 2004). This process generated insightful discussions about existing tensions, diverse values, and potential convergences in perceptions of the agricultural sector’s future. The methodological approach drew on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) (Chambers, 1994), a widely used approach in rural development that aims at actively involving local communities in the design and management of interventions affecting them.

The process was based on a co-design methodology for sociotechnical pathways, seeking the active involvement of stakeholders in shaping future policy options. Initially, each participant individually selected the scenario that most closely aligned with their personal views and values. These choices were recorded and then aggregated by focus group (8–10 persons) to form a collective scenario preference. Depending on the scenario selected at each table, a short list of possible consequences of its implementation was read out to serve as a trigger for the subsequent group discussion.

This was followed by the evaluation of individual thematic elements through a questionnaire drawing on components from all scenarios, focusing on areas such as technological innovation, natural resource management, crop restructuring, and the role of cooperatives.

The process concluded with the collective formulation of a new scenario by each group, combining elements of the existing scenarios with their own experiences, needs, and priorities. Through this co-creation, convergences, tensions, and negotiation dynamics emerged, reflecting local expectations for a fair and sustainable transition.

Through this participatory, or co-creation, process, alternative agri-food transition scenarios were examined and negotiated, highlighting priorities, convergences, tensions, and dynamics. In this way, the methodology ceases to be merely an “academic exercise” and instead shifts the voice and responsibility for choice to those directly affected by the discussion, policies, and decisions —the actors of the primary sector themselves. Focusing on the voices of people in the field promotes the integration of issues of inequality and injustice into the design of technological and social policies and draws attention to the implementation responsibilities borne by institutional decision-makers, so that rural policies and strategies incorporate not only sustainability but also the principles of restorative justice.  restorative justice .